Describing Activities
Using -in, I- and an Affixes
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When the focus of the sentence is the object or goal of the action, the verb uses the affixes -in, -an and i-. The -in affix is attached to the root of the verb to form the infinitive form. If the root ends in a vowel, -hin is added.
example:
alis - alisin
basa- basahin
The completed aspect is formed by placing -in before the first vowel of the root.
inalis
binasa
The incompleted aspect is formed by placing -in before the first vowel and then repetition of the first syllable of the root.
inaalis
binabasa
The contemplated is formed by attaching -in/-hin to the root and then repetition of the first syllable.
Root |
Infinitive |
Completed |
Incompleted |
Contemplated |
alis |
alisin | inalis | inaalis | aalisin |
basa |
basahin | binasa | binabasa | babasahin |
ayos |
ayusin | inayos | inaayos | aayusin |
example:
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sentence.
Inalis ng guro ang papel sa mesa kahapon.
Babasahin ko ang libro bukas.
Inaayos ni Ben ang kanyang kotse.
I- affix is attached before the root of the verb to form the infinitive.
tapon - itapon
The completed aspect is formed by inserting the affix -in before the first vowel of the root.
itinapon
The incompleted aspect is formed by repeating the first syllable of the root and inserting -in before the first vowel of the repeated syllable.
itinatapon
The contemplated aspect is formed by repeating the first syllable of the root and placing i- before the repeated syllable.
| Root | Infinitive | Completed | Incompleted | Contemplated |
| tapon | itapon | itinapon | itinatapon | itatapon |
-An is attached to the root of the verb. The infinitive is formed by attaching -an to the root of the verb ending in a consonant and -han if the verb ends is a vowel.
punas - punasan
The completed aspect is formed by placing -in before the first vowel of the root and placing -an/-han at the end of the root.
pinunasan
The incompleted aspect is formed by repetition of the first syllable of the root and inserting -in before the first vowel of the repeated syllable.
pinupunasan
The contemplated is formed by repetition of the first syllable of the root and attaching -an/-han to the root.
pupunasan
| Root | Infinitive | Completed | Incompleted | Contemplated |
| punas | punasan | pinunasan | pinupunasan | pupunasan |
Goal focus verbs are used in describing completed, incompleted, and contemplated activities with the object as the focus of the sentence.
Verb |
Actor |
Object |
Location/Time expression |
Hinuhugasan |
ko |
ang gulay |
sa labas. |
Hinugasan |
niya |
ang kotse. |
kahapon. |
Huhugasan |
nila |
ang mga bintana |
sa Sabado. |
example:
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sentence.
Hinuhugasan ko ang gulay sa labas.
Hinugasan niya ang kotse kahapon.
Huhugasan nila ang bintana sa Sabado.
Object/goal focus sentences indicate that the most important part of the sentence is the goal/object. The object is marked by ang and si (for singular), ang mga, and sina (for plural). These goal focus sentences answer the question "What did you(action)? What are you (action)? What will you (action)?"
example:
Ano ang kinain mo kanina?
Kinain ko ang saging at mansanas.
Ano ang sinusulatan mo?
Sinusulatan ko ang aking papel.