Notation |
Thai music, especially piphat music, is normally taught orally through rote memory, but the use of notation has become common with the two-stringed fiddles (saw duang and saw u), the ja-khe, and the khim. Sometimes a generic version of a melody is used which requires individual instruments to convert it to their idioms. Besides staff notation, Thai musicians use two kinds of notation--tablature and pitch notation. For the latter, they use two symbolic schemes (numbers and solfege). For tablature, they use only numbers. These notations appear in published collections of music--some generic, some for specific instruments, and in some for instrument tutors. All are prescriptive, for even tablatures leave out many idiomatic details, especially ornamentation. Teachers who use notation often require their students to make their own copies from the teacher's repertory. Some have been reproduced by inexpensive means (like mimeograph); others have been published. Thai Music Symbolic Notation
เพลงแขกบรเทศ เถา ๓ ชั้น ทอ่น ๑
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ชั้นเดียว
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ลูกหมด
( Example: Thai Music Notation ) All Thai notations exhibit a convention that confuses anyone accustomed to staff notation: the accented beat (downbeat in Western terms), coinciding with the ching strokes, falls just before the bar. Within a measure, there are beats, usually transcribed as four sixteenth notes. Two eighth notes would normally require hyphens between the pitch numbers and a dotted eight three hyphens, but many versions leave these out. Seeing only two numbers, the user assumes they are even eighth notes, a single number indicator of a full quarter note. These notations, however, are not designed to convey complex rhythms--which, as part of the idiom, are left to oral transmission. To use these notations, the player must know the conventions that are implied but not indicated. How does the notation relate to the pitches of the instrument? Where is 1 or do? Tablatures do not indicate pitch, but the player must know the tuning of the instrument, plus how the numbers relate to the frets or holes for fingering. Such notations have been used since only the 1940s, but since individuals like to create idiosyncratic ones (which they may hope will become the notation's standard), an amazing variety is available in print.
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