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Word |
Definition |
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The feast
of the sacrifice, some seventy days after Aid el Fitr, which marks the end
of Ramadan. |
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An
assistant to a mosque imam. |
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Shaman,
and traditional healer in the Malay world. |
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Lit.
“golden flowers,” miniature gold and silver trees given as a sign of
fealty. |
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Lit.
“house of Islam,” an area governed according to Islamic principles. |
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A decree
issued by religious authorities. |
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A
sacrifice commemorating that of Abraham. |
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Accounts
relating the sayings and actions of Muhammad, recorded by his companions;
the second sacred source after the Koran. |
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Anything
permitted (in Muslim dietary prescriptions or sexual or social behavior). |
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Forbidden,
or restricted, as in “harem,” women’s quarters. |
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The flight
of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in 622 (CE). The Muslim lunar calendar
dates from this year (BE 2548 = CE 2005 = Hegira 1426). |
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Legends or
traditional (often oral) literature. |
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Preacher
and prayer leader. |
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A period
of ignorance and darkness, particularly of idolatry. |
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Originally, the effort to become a good Muslim; this has taken on the
meaning of “holy war” among certain fundamentalists who consider Islam
threatened. |
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The name
of another assistant of an imam; the word means scribe or secretary in
Arabic. |
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Nonbelievers (“kaffirs”) against whom it is justified to wage war (“harb”),
according to a literal interpretation of the sura in the Koran revealed
during the Prophet’s time in Medina. |
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The Arabic word for any type of
school,
secular or religious (of any religion). |
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A district
in the sultanate of Kedah; it also means residence. |
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Traditional Malay fiddle. |
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A person
who considers current Islamic practices lacking conformity with its
original tenets and wishes to return to these; often incorrectly a synonym
for fundamentalist. |
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Originally
a sign of adhesion to Islam; a martyr, all those who die fighting for
Islam. Some fundamentalists praise this Martyrdom
as opening the gates of paradise. |
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Muslim
law, expanded by jurisprudence and exegesis of sacred texts. There are
four principal juridical Sunni schools: Hanafit, Malekit, Hanbalit, and
Shafit, each having significant differences in civil and penal law. The
Malays and Yawi speakers are principally Shafit. |
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Religious
teacher, often the only literate person in a village. |
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Doctors of
Law, theologians. |
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Community
of believers in Muhammad’s message. |
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Obligatory
charity, corresponding to a certain percentage of one’s wealth; one of the
five pillars of Islam (together with the profession of faith, the five
daily prayers, the pilgrimage to Mecca, and fasting during Ramadan). |
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