1. kɔ̄ ເກ໊າະ   is a final particle which requests the repetition of the previous statement.  This is used when something was not heard or not understood. 

ບຸນມີສິໄປ	bunmíi si pay	Boonmee is going.
ໃຜເກ໊າະ	phǎy kɔ̄	Who?
ບຸນມີ	bunmíi	Boonmee

        Another example:

ໝໍບໍ່ມາ	mɔ̌ɔ bɔ̄ɔ máa	The doctor hasn't come.
ອັນໃດເກ໊າະ	an day kɔ̄	What?

2. dε̄ε ແດ່    has several uses.  It is often used in polite requests.  Other uses will be explained as they arise.

ຂໍນ້ຳຕານແດ່	khɔ̌ɔ nàm-taan dε̄ε	May I have some sugar?
ຂໍຍືມສໍແດ່	khɔ̌ɔ jyym sɔ̌ɔ dε̄ε	May I borrow a pencil?
ຂໍເບິ່ງແດ່	khɔ̌ɔ bǝ̄ŋ dε̄ε	May I see it?

3. dày ໄດ້    has been used as a helping verb and as a main verb.  Here it is is used as a secondary verb meaning 'can, be able'. 

ລາວກິນເຂົ້າໄດ້ບໍ	láaw kin khâw dày bɔɔ	Can he eat?
ບໍ່ ກິນເຂົ້າບໍ່ໄດ້	bɔ̄ɔ kin khâw bɔ̄ɔ dày	No, he can't.

4.    wāa ວ່າ  is used as a secondary verb in this lesson just as in lesson 7.

ລາວຖາມວ່າຫຍັງ	láaw thǎam wāa ñāŋ	What did he ask?
ລາວເວົ້າວ່າ......	láaw wàw wāa....	He said.....

5. dɔ̂ɔk ດອກ   is a final particle.  It means 'on the contrary'.   It is most often used to emphasize a negative. 

ຢາກເນ໊າະ	ñàak nɔ̄	It's difficult, huh?
ບໍ່ຢາກດອກ	bɔ̄ɔ ñàak dɔ̂ɔk	No, not difficult at all.
ລາວໄປບໍ	láaw pay bɔɔ	Is he going?
ລາວບໍ່ໄປດອກ	láaw bɔ̄ɔ pay dɔ̂ɔk	No, he's definitely not going.

5. lǝ́ǝy  ເລັຍ is used in several ways.  In this lesson, it is used with a negative sentence and means 'at all'.

ບໍ່ມີມີເລັຍ	bɔ̄ɔ míi lǝ́ǝy	There is none at all.
ລາວບໍ່ໄປເລັຍ	làaw bɔ̄ɔ pay lǝ́ǝy	He's not going at all.

7. In lesson 11, paan day ປານໃດ   was used in the phrase îik don paan day ອີກດົນປານໃດ    'how much longer'.  When used in negative sentinces, paan day ປານໃດ    has a different meaning. 

ບໍ່ດົນປານໃດ	bɔ̄ɔ don paan day	not so long
ບໍ່ດີປານໃດ	bɔ̄ɔ dii paan day	not so good